Destination Brooklyn, New York | Buy Topographic Laser Art

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New York is one of the most popular cities of the world. Tourists from most of part of the world travel to New York to see endless possibilities of things that they can do in the city. The city has a lot to offer without an itinerary, one can easily get lost into the marvel of the city while missing some of the iconic places of the Big Apple. Here is the top 15, most iconic and popular destination in the city of New York.

1.    The Statue of Liberty

The Statue of Liberty is the most iconic symbol of New York and probably in the whole country. The statue was a symbol of alliance between France and gave it as a gift to America. Built in 1886, the Statue of Liberty is also a famous symbol of freedom all over the world. It stands 152 feet tall from the base to the tip of its torch and weighs about 450,000 pounds. It is also the highest and largest statue on the planet located on Liberty Island and is accessible via a short boat ride from Ellis Island. You can get a fantastic view of the New York Harbor and lower Manhattan in just one frame.

2.    Empire State Building

Empire State Building is almost synonymous to the Big Apple itself. Since it opened in 1931, the building topped with mast like became the famous landmark which stands 381 m tall. The 102-storey building was once the tallest building the world. You can view the whole New York from the top of the Empire State Building which has two observatories. One observatory is located on the 86th floor about 1,050 feet and is accessible using high-speed automatic elevators. The glass-enclosed elevator is cooled during the summer months and heated during the winter season. You can view the whole city from the open-air observatory on all four sides of the Empire State Building. The other observatory is on the 102nd floor that is 1,250 feet above the ground. On good weather, you can see up to 80 miles span overlooking the neighboring states of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and Connecticut.

3.    The High Line

The High Line is the only elevated park in New York and it is one of the popular tourist destinations. In the past years, the High Line is rail track that went out of use during the 80s. In 2009, the place was renovated and the city created a 1.45-mile long landscape from Hudson Yards to the northern part of Chelsea. The park contains beautiful landscape of wildflowers and different plants. People can have the best view of the city while enjoying a leisure walk in the park.

4.    Central Park

Central Park is the heart of the city; it makes NY its unique flair as a beautiful city and not just an urbanized jungle of buildings. Numerous movie and TV shows used Central Park as their settings. The forest within the city boats of green space, Strawberry Fields, the Lake and the Central Park Zoo. During the winter season, it’s a popular destination as a skating venue and paddling during the warmer months.

5.    Metropolitan Museum of Art

In 1870, the Metropolitan Museum of Art or ‘The Met’ was founded in 1870. The museum showcases at least 2 million of art. The museum also focuses on the architecture and art during the medieval era of Europe. The extensive collections include Egyptian art, American decorative arts, armor, arms, costumes even musical instruments.

6.    Broadway and Shubert Alley

Unleash the artist in you; try to walk in the alley of Broadway and Shubert. It remains as the pride of American theater. Broadway has a long history of world-class performances, and many of Hollywood actors even started on Broadway. It’s best to get tickets for some of the longest running shows and even the latest shows on Broadway.

Meanwhile, Shubert Alley is a famous pedestrian-only destination in the theater district of NY. The well-renowned theaters are located in Shubert Alley. These are the Booth at 22 West 45 Street and Shubert on 221 West 44th Street.

7.    Fifth Avenue

Some of the world’s top designers have their prominent stores located on Fifth Avenue. And the Big Apple is famous for its top class shopping districts. Some of the world class stores include Tiffany, Cartier, Bergdorf-Goodman and the Saks Fifth Avenue. Everyone can find pleasure walking in this prestigious street.

8.    Times Square

Hundreds of films featured Times Square as one of their pivotal settings in the movie. It was initially called as Longacre Square but was named after the New York Times in 1904. The newspaper first posted their headline in the well-renowned moving billboard in 1928. However, it hides a dark side during the Depression when many theaters and business established were forced to close their establishments. Now, tourists flock Times Square to see its massive billboards advertisements and its shopping districts.

9.    New York Public Library

Just like the Times Square, the New York Public Library had gained attention because of numerous films and TV shows that featured the massive library. The library was designed based on Beaux Arts style with the combined effort of architects, Carrere and Hastings. Few only knew its real actual name which is Stephen A Schwartzman Building. The huge library boasts of 10,000 up to date magazines, it expands two city blocks to house such enormous collections.

10.    Brooklyn Bridge

What does Godzilla, Spiderman, and Transformers have in common? It all featured the Brooklyn Bridge as a part of its plot settings. You cannot visit New York without laying eyes on the Brooklyn Bridge. The world famous bridge is the world’s first ever bridge made of steel and completed in 1883. The bridge stretches in the East River of Manhattan. The Brooklyn Bridge inspires some of the prominent songwriters, poets, painters and artists. In 1855, engineer John Roebling designed the bridge and labored every detail of the bridge from the two granite towers to its four suspended steel cables. However, during the construction in 1869, a ferry flattened Roebling’s foot. Three weeks later he died because tetanus and his son, Washington picked up where he left of completing his father’s plan. But then in 1872, Washington was diagnosed with caisson’s disease. The illness left him incapable of seeing, writing and walking abilities.

11.    Wall Street

And lastly, the most prominent place in the business world, Wall Street. Even made popular of the film ‘The Wolf of Wall Street’, it’s the home of the most important exchanges in the world. Located near the Federal Reserve and Trinity Church, tourist often times look up in some of the notable skyscrapers in the world.

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What to visit on Catalina Island | Buy Nautical Laser Custom Art

Catalina Island 

Santa Catalina Island sometimes called Catalina Island or just Catalina is located in the Gulf of Santa Catalina. The rocky island rests in the state of California which is about 22 miles long and 8 miles wide. It is located approximately 22 miles southwest from Los Angeles, California. Catalina houses Mt. Orizaba which stands 2, 097 feet from the ground and is part of the Channel Islands of California archipelago.

In the early days, Native Americans who called themselves "Pimugnans" or "Pimuvit" called Catalina Island as Pimugna or Pimu. When the first Europeans arrived on the island asserted the area for the Spanish Empire. In the past decades, Mexico claimed the island but later on transferred the rights to the United States. But not until the island was used as a place for otter hunting, gold digging and often times for smuggling. Everything changed in the 1920s when William Wrigley, Jr. developed Catalina Island as a major tourist destination. A few decades later, the Catalina Island Conservancy claimed most of the island making is a sanctuary for most of its parts.

According to the 2010 census, the island is home for the 4,096 residents and 90% of them lived in Avalon, the island’s only incorporated city. Some of the residents live in the other incorporated village of Two Harbors, while the rest of the population are scattered within the island.

Catalina Island is a place which many considered as paradise. It attracts thousands of visitors to see the pristine beaches hidden in the area. Here are some of the places you can visit while on the island. Enjoy!

Descanso Beach Club

The best vacation you can give to your family is going to the Descanso Beach Club. Hidden in a secluded beach cove just behind the Catalina Island Casino, it offers numerous activities and entertainment for you family. It’s a perfect place to enjoy the beach while sitting in some of its cozy loungers. This private beach has fine dining restaurants, bars and you guess it, exciting nightlife.

The beach club offers water activities like snorkeling, kayaking and scuba diving. They also have activities for the whole family to get the adrenaline rush going, such as wall climbing and zip lining. If you get tired from all those activities, they even offer beach massages while overlooking a perfect sunset by the beach.

Starlight Beach

 Catalina Island also offers a camping ground for those who like to be close to Mother Nature. Situated on the west end of the island, campers can find a good campground near Parson’s Landing at Starlight Beach. Rocky cliffs surround the north-facing beach and people can only access it using a trail at the back of the cove. Starlight Beach is the endpoint of a backpacking course, the Trans-Catalina Trail. However, the beach is only for day-use only with and does not allow any overnight camping. It’s a popular destination for backpackers who want to end their trek, swimming in its crystal blue water.

Wrigley Memorial & Botanic Garden

The chewing gum tycoon, and the owner of the largest chewing gum factory in the world, William Wrigley Jr., was the man behind the development of Catalina Island. Thanks to him, the history of the island as a smuggler’s den changed into a popular tourist spot. The Wrigley Memorial & Botanical Garden was built to honor such undertaking. The Catalina Island Conservancy operates the botanical garden which featured numerous endangered species. It spreads across 38 acres of beautiful landscapes and serves as a gateway in the Garden to Sky Trail, one of the most famous hike trails on the island. The Wrigley Memorial & Botanical Garden is located in the Avalon Canyon.

Crescent Avenue

Crescent Avenue is the main commercial center in Avalon. The area is a popular shopping destination for souvenirs and a great place to experience local cuisines. It stretches along Summer, Metropole, Catalina and Crescent Avenue and from the area you can easily navigate to other parts of the island. Try to stroll in each street as they offer different aspects about the island. One famous destination for the kids and kids at heart is Lloyd’s candy shop that sells saltwater taffy since 1934.

Trans-Catalina Trail

This trail travels from the eastern tip to the western end of the Catalina Island. The 37.2-mile trail starts from Avalon and ends in Starlight Beach.  Hikers may need to take a boat back to Two Harbors to catch a boat. This adds another nine miles making the total trek about 46 miles. It’s a great destination for nature buffs as the trail ranges from easy to difficult treks to offer to both intermediate and expert trekkers. The Trans-Catalina Trail comprises of five camping grounds including Parson’s Landing, Little Harbor, and Two Harbors. Hiking permits are mandatory in these parts and you can get one at the Two Harbors Visitor’s Services Office.

Catalina Island Museum

To preserve the cultural heritage of Catalina Island, the museum was funded in 1953. Officials collect, interpret and preserve the rich history of the island. The museum displays exhibits of artifacts that are thousands of years old. It is located in the historic Casino Building in Avalon. Aside from these exhibits, the museum also offers workshops and lecture, they also cater for special events tailored fit for visitors.

Two Harbors

Located about 20 miles from Avalon, Two Harbors is named after Isthmus Cove and Catalina Harbor. It’s a rustic village within the shoreline of Catalina Island. Two Harbors is accessible only via high-speed ferry departing from San Pedro. The area is a great place to spend your vacation as it offers accommodations from cottages, bed, and breakfast to campgrounds. It also has a different variety of restaurants, pubs, and cafes. Also, Two Harbors is one of the popular destinations for water activities such as snorkeling, kayaking, and scuba diving. You can also find other recreational activities in Two Harbors.

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Silver Canyon Pottery

A local from Catalina Island named Robin Cassidy founded the Silver Canyon Pottery in 1988. Cassidy is a famous artist involved in restoring the tiles of downtown Avalon. The iconic tiles were made during the era of 1920 up until 1930. The pottery offers ceramic works and world class dinnerware, figurines, and decorative tiles. The factory also features shows on how they make their famous tiles. A library which contains a wide range of book selection about the island is available for visitors. You can even read the book overlooking the very scenic Catalina Island.

Cherish those memories. Catalina Island is regarded as on of the most romantic places in California. Remember it by placing it near your heart.

Some History of the Columbia River Mouth | Buy Carved Shoreline Laser Cut Art

The Perils of Columbia River

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The Columbia River Bar or the known as the Columbia Bar consists of bars and shoals at the mouth of the Columbia River. It stretches along the states of Oregon and Washington. The total length of the river is 1,243 miles which 498 miles of it is found in Canada. The river is depth goes about 43 feet to 600 feet.

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The Columbia River is known for its treacherous waters and has a long history of shipwrecks ever since ship s passed through it in 1792. It empties into the Pacific Ocean adjacent to Astoria, Oregon, where freshwater meets saltwater. Considered as the most difficult crossing of all the rivers in the world. It has claimed at least 200 ships and countless lives. It is also known as the Graveyard of the Pacific.

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The mouth of the rivers is one dangerous passageway because of the strong river flows that collide with the strong ocean waves. Strong currents are used to power 14 hydroelectric dams that can generate power. Three of the hydroelectric facilities are found in the borders of British Columbia, Canada.

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Similarly, three Columbia River were built in Canada as part of a treaty between the United States and Canada. The Columbia River Treaty paved the way for the construction of Mica Dam, Duncan Dam, and Hugh Keenleyside Dam. All of these three dams were built during the 1960s up until 1970s and used mainly to store water for the region.

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Sediments that surround the river mouth are one of the major reasons for the shipwrecks in Columbia River. The current of the water also brings peril to the ship because it can cause them to turn sideways. Even today, it is common for the ships to wait at least a week for the bar to calm and allow them safe passage.

Shipwrecks litter the mouth of the river. Some of the ships are visible even after years since it is struck on land. Some of the most famous shipwrecks in the Columbia River Mouth are:

Admiral Benson

In February 1930, a steamship named Admiral Benson carrying 39 passengers and 65 crews was unluckily stranded in the sand. The ship was stuck on Peacock Spit near the Columbia River mouth. All of the passengers and crew abandoned ship, with high hopes that they can still refloat Admiral Benson. However, after several days of windstorm, harsh winds and ruthless waves forced the ship to sink further. Admiral Benson broke apart and was buried deep in the sand. You can still the smokestack of the ship while the remaining of the ship is buried deep only visible in extreme low tides.

Alice

On January 15, 1909, a French square-rigged ship, the Alice sunk near Ocean Park. The Alice sunk in the river because it was overloaded with cement. The cement cargo hardened when the ship sunk and water entered the cargo vessel. After all these decades, the Alice was still upright because of the hardened cement. Over time, the current and the waves deteriorated the wooden vessel and the remains are still visible at low tides.

Bettie M

The Bettie M is a trawler built in 1972 and the gross tonnage of the ship weighs about 997 tons. The ship is also known as a tuna boat that was stranded in the Columbia River in 1976. When it went aground it has a cargo hold of 900 tons of tuna. It sunk near Cape Disappointment lighthouse. During extremely low tides, the wreck can easily view from Cape Disappointment and Jetty A.

  

Isabella

Isabella is the second-oldest wreck in the Columbia River of the 1830s but the oldest to be discovered. One of the most intact wooden shipwrecks, Isabella was not discovered until 1986. The Hudson Bay Company supply ship owned the Isabella and the ship ran aground in 1830, just a few meters away from Sand Island near the mouth of the Columbia River. The government made the shipwreck as an archeological site and closed for sports divers.

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Peter Iredale

One of the most photographed shipwrecks in the Pacific Northwest, The Peter Iredale still remains in the Columbia River more than 100 years after it succumbed to the treacherous water. The wreckage of the four-mastered ship is still visible in the area.  During a heavy fog combined, with the rising tide, the steel ship ran aground in September 1906. Windstorms heavily pounded the ship at Clatsop Spit, the crew and some of the cargo was able to offload. They also hoped to have the ship refloated when the gale stop but unfortunately it becomes stuck in the sand. Some parts of the ship were eventually sold for scrap leaving the skeletal remains behind. However, the Columbia River Maritime Museum showcases the rudder of the Peter Iredale.

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The Wonder of Crater Lake | Buy Custom Laser Art of Crater Lake

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The Crater Lake is a type of Caldera Lake located in southern part of Oregon in the United States. It is part of the main attraction of Crater Lake National Park. Its pristine crystal clear blue water attracts thousands of visitors into the region. It was formed around 7,700 years ago when Mount Mazama collapsed and the lake fills the caldera with 2, 148 feet of water.

The lake is unique as there are no river flowing into or from the lake. The only water source of the lake is from rainfall and snowfall. The entire water of the lake is replaced every 250 years. With a depth of 1,949 feet, Crater Lake is the deepest in the country and ranks as the ninth deepest lakes in the world when it comes to depth.

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Furthermore, the lake is known for the ‘Old Man of the Lake’ which is a full sized tree and now a stump that’s been moving about vertically in the lake for over the past 100 years. The low temperature of the lake slowed down the wood decomposition process. This lengthens the life span of the bobbing tree.

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The two islands

There are two islands in Crater Lake, the Wizard Island, and the Phantom Ship. The wizard island is named not because it’s magical but for its shape, resembling a wizard hat. Similarly, the Phantom Ship is named because of its shape and it houses seven trees. Although there are no indigenous fish in the lake, authorities released some fish species into Crater Lake from the years 1888 to 1941.

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The popularity of Crater Lake

Every year, around 500,000 people visit Crater Lake National Park to see the majestic beauty of its crystal clear blue water. The park spreads across 183,224 acres of land filled with trees, forests, and traces of volcano eruptions. Here are some of the interesting facts about Crater Lake.

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1.    One Child made it his mission to appoint Crater Park as a National Park

A child from Kansas named William Gladstone Steel read about the Crater Lake from a newspaper in 1870. From then on, he swore that he will visit the lake someday. In 1885, that dream came true, and upon seeing the beauty of the lake he vowed to make it as a national park. And on May 22, 1902, that dream finally happened, the government declared Crater Park as a national park.

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2.    The park was named after its shaped that took form from a collapsed volcano.

Before it was Crater Lake, the area used to be a volcano named Mount Mazama. The volcano erupted about 7,700 years ago and collapsed which formed a basin called caldera. The basin was eventually filled with water and snow. After some time, the area became the present day lake.

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3.    Snow covers the entire park for eight months

Snow really takes its time in Crater Lake National Park. It engulfs the whole area for eight months of the calendar year. The snow fall usually starts from October until June, but the common snowfall in the park is at 44 feet, and snow can last until the month of July. However, even with the cold weather, the lake does not entirely freeze. The last time it was completely frozen was in 1949 and came to a complete freeze in 1985.

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4.    Klamath People once considered Crater Lake as a Holy Ground

The Klamaths people and other Native American tribes considered the lake as a sacred ground and a spiritual place. They only allow people who possessed great strength and immense wisdom to view its ground. The lake also houses a 2,000 feet rock formation; they named it after one of the Spirit Chief, Lloa Rock. They believed that this spirit chief created the Crater Lake.

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5.    There are needle-like formations in Crater Lake

Other traces of volcanic activities are evident in the lake. After years of erosion, slim and tall rock formations are revealed in the Sand Creek Canyon. The needle-like formation is uncommon for volcanoes as it acts as vents for gas and steam that churned below the surface of the lake. The rising heat from the volcano solidified the ash and making these pumice figurines to stands over 50 feet.

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6.    You can find Pumice across the Northern part of the national park

The eruption of Mount Mazama was so massive that it sent an enormous amount of ash up in the sky. This propelling eruption created the Pumice Desert. The desert is at 50 feet deep after the eruption but is porous and cannot support ample plant life. But there are a few plants that found life in the harsh desert and somehow created a landscape.

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7.    Crater Lake also has Pumice Castle formation on its grounds

Another great attraction in the park is the Pumice Castle that has a golden luster color of pumice extending on the eastern wall of the lake. It’s one of nature’ marvels that Mount Mazama created when it erupted thousands of years ago.

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How Lakes Are Formed | Buy The Great Lakes Laser Cut Art

What are lakes?

Lakes are bodies of water contained in a basin and surrounded by land. Millions of lakes scattered all over the world. Lakes are formed in every kind of environment known to man; near the shoreline, plains, and mountains even in deserts.  The water found in lakes either comes from snow, melting ice, streams, rain and groundwater outflow. Also, lakes contain mostly freshwater.

Moreover, lakes vary in sizes; some are just a few square meters others which are called ponds. Others are big enough to be called seas.

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How Lakes Are Formed

Movement in the Earth’s tectonic plates, glaciers, and volcanic activity create lakes. As well as the wind and river currents help to form lakes. Most of the lakes fill a low-lying area in the earth’s surface referred to as basins.

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Tectonic Lakes

The movement in the Earth’s surface possibly in higher ground or mountain, hills or plateau creates depression along the rupture course. When the surface cracks or breaks faults may form. In time water filled these faults from rainfall or another source of water leakage which forms lakes.

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Glacial Lakes

Estimated about 20,000 years ago, glaciers started peaking in the Earth’s surface; subsequently, it began to slowly melt.  Water from the glacier sheets retreating filled the low-lying areas within the Earth’s surface. Around 18,000 years ago melting glaciers formed numerous lakes in the Northern Hemisphere.

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Volcanic Lakes

Volcanoes often form lakes. When a volcano becomes inactive, water or melted snow may fill the crater. This happens when precipitation occurs more quickly than evaporation. Occasionally the peak of the volcano may collapse or blown off leaving a hollow referred to as caldera. Rainwater may also fill the caldera and eventually became a lake.

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Oxbow Lakes

Rivers also form lakes as they flow back and forth expansively across the plains which called meanders. As the river expands, it may create another way to circumvent a river leaving a body of still water, which also forms lakes.

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Salt Lakes

Salt lakes or saline lakes were formed when water containing minerals and salt cannot leave because there is no natural outlet in the lake. The water with high level of salinity evaporates leaving the minerals behind.      

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Landslides or Ice-dam Lakes

When glacial ice blocks a river or a body of water it forms a lake. In the past, glacial ice dams created a massive surge of floods. Similarly, landslides can also form lakes since there will be a huge buildup of water behind the massive rocks.

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Man-made Lake or Reservoir

Humans can also replicate nature. Man-made lake or reservoir usually serves the purpose of storing and collecting water. It is used for irrigation or for community water supply to protect them from drought or floods. Usually, engineers construct a dam across a flowing river to create a lake.

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Other lakes

Few other lakes originated from sinkhole activity. A collapse in the outer layer of the earth can cause a depression or a hole in the ground. There are instances that these sinkholes are connected to a water leakage which fills them completely.

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The Marvels of The Hawaiian Islands | Buy Nautical Wood Map

How Volcanic Activity Helped Formed the Islands

The Hawaiian Islands are known to have great beaches all around the region. Tourists flock the island like a bee to a flower, many enjoying the big waves for surfing and lounging to get a perfect tan. But the islands can offer far more than attraction. The islands also have its own fair share of history in ‘creating’ the world we now know.

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The history and the formation of the Hawaiian Islands still marvel the modern day scientist. The Hawaiian Islands are well known as a result of volcanic activities over the past (million) years.

The extent of the volcanic activities over the past millions of years is seen evident under the Pacific Ocean floor. It stretches from the Hawaiian Islands to the Aleutian Trench. The size of the Hawaiian Ridge section is about 1,600 miles from the Hawaii Islands to the Midway Island in the northwestern part. If you measure it by land, it is about the distance of Denver, Colorado all the way to Washington, D.C. The amount of lava from the massive ridge is approximately 186,000 cubic miles. It can cover the entire state of California with a 1-mile thick layer.

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The formation of Hawaiian Island

Different tectonic plates made up the outer crust of the earth and it constantly moves over the surface of it. In some areas, where the plates converged together, a volcano may form. These volcanoes can sometimes form in the middle of the tectonic plate. Magma will rise up until it erupts on the sea floor; this occurrence is often referred as a “hot spot.”

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One such major incidence of a ‘hot spot’ happened to form the Hawaiian Islands, where magma rises in the middle of the Pacific Plate. The ‘hot spot’ itself is fixed but the tectonic plates continually move, it created a series of islands left in its wake. Thus, the Hawaiian Islands are formed.

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The Process of forming the islands

Until today, the exact formation of the Hawaiian Islands still baffles scientist. However, they are quite certain that the process of forming the Hawaiian Islands started million years ago. Deep under the Pacific Ocean, the islands are fixed to one of the rocky tectonic plates. This plate is a hot spot that constantly expels hot magma with a temperature rising up to 2,500F or 1,400C.

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Other times, this eruption can also form underwater volcanoes. When this hot lava reaches the cold ocean water, it transforms into a hard rock forming another island. As the tectonic plates creep along the earth’s surface it sometimes cut the lava source. The series of volcanic births and extinction left a trail of islands behind it. Scientist believed that the Hawaiian Islands are formed about 4.5 million years ago.

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The Hawaiian Islands formed its own archipelago that stretches over 1,500 miles in the massive region of the North Pacific Ocean. How massive? The archipelago contains 132 islands, not to mention hundreds of shallow banks, shoals, atolls, reefs and seamount from the northwestern part of Kure Atoll to the southeastern part of Hawaii.

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Another theory is that an asteroid may have caused the volcanic activity that created the islands. Nevertheless, Hawaii is considered as a location for active earthquakes year round.

The Hawaiian Islands

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One primary volcano created each of the Hawaiian Islands. But more than one volcano created many of those islands. Loihi serves as the youngest of the Hawaiian archipelago which is currently erupting at its peak at a depth of 1000 meter below the sea level.

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The Big Islands contains 5 main volcanoes. These are Kilauea, Mauna Loa, Mauna Kea, Hualalai, and Kohala. The largest active volcano on the planet is Mauna Loa. While Kilauea is the most productive volcano in terms of how much lava it produces each year.

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In all of the islands, the major volcanoes are referred to as shield volcanoes. These volcanoes are named because of their low profile that looks like a warrior’s shield. The lava flows smoothly from the top going downwards.

Volcanoes in the islands

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The volcanoes in the Hawaiian Islands are known to expel basalt rock. These rocks are more fluid in liquid form compare to volcanoes that expel other minerals of as silica type magma such as dacite, andesite, and rhyolite. The fluidity of the magma flows also contains properties of thicker and sometimes shorter lava flows. This is one of the reasons why the Hawaiian volcanoes typically having sloping sides. The Hawaiian hot spot created the Hawaiian volcanoes which are currently on the Big Island of Hawaii.

Age of the Islands

The Hawaii Islands are located in the southeastern part of the archipelago and are the youngest of all in the series of islands. This part overlies the hot spot and still connected to the magma source that feeds the active volcanoes in the island. The active submarine volcano known as Loihi might be the source of the magma formation of the southeastern part of the hot spot. The other Hawaiian Islands moving towards the northwestward part, except the island of Maui, had long since cut off from the magma source.

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The continuous movement of the islands towards northwestern part from the origin of the hot spot can indicate the ages of the different Hawaiian Island. The lava flows from northwest to the southeast which means, islands on the northwestern part of the archipelago are older that the southeastern part. In millions of years, Ni'ihau and Kaua'I Islands are about 5.6 to 3.8 million years old. The ages of the islands in millions of years are O’ahu about 3.4 to 2.2, Moloka'i, 1.8 to 1.3, Maui, 1.3 to 0.8; and the Hawaii as the youngest and still growing is less than .7.

Ages of the volcanoes

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Hawaii has five volcanoes, the oldest and the most inactive volcano is Kohala at the northwestern part of the island. It last erupted about 120,000 years ago. Mauna Kea is the second oldest volcano which last expelled lava about 4,000 years ago. The third oldest volcano in Hawaii is Hualalai which according to written history last erupted in 1800 to 1801. Lastly both Kilauea and Mauna Loa were active within the last two centuries. Correspondingly, Kilauea still continues to grow compared to its nearby neighbor Mauna Loa.

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Alaskan Inside Passage Skagway | Buy 3D Nautical Wood Chart

Skagway

In the past, the place was commonly spelled as ‘Skagua’. But a Washington D.C. bureaucrat changed it to ‘Skagway’ thinking the name was just misspelled. In just one day, Skagway was incorporated as a city in Alaska, setting back the record for Juneau.

The Gold Rush era paved the way for the popularity of Skagway. This attracted thousands of hopeful individuals to dig in the gold mines. By the year 1898, the population of Skagway ballooned to 10,000. However, it has diminished over the past few years. In the recent 2010 census, the population of the city was no greater than 920. But, the towns still maintain their historical district which attracts thousands of tourists aboard cruise ships to visit Skagway and experience a true Alaskan village.

Here's some amazing facts about Skagway...

1.    The owner of Nordstrom department stores, John Nordstrom got his first fortune during the Klondike Gold Rush. He sold his claim for $13,000 before relocation to Seattle to start his business.

2.    The most famous villain of the Gold Rush era, Soapy Smith is a resident of  Skagway.

3.    It's every driver’s dream to drive on a  highway with no traffic. The closest stoplight from the city center is 100 miles away and is located in Whitehorse, Canada.

4.    Unfortunately, McDonald's is the only fast food chain in the area. You won't get Big Mac's anywhere else around this area.

5.    The book ‘The Call of the Wild’ by Jack London, had traveled the Chilkoot Trail and made a claim in the Stewart River. He then wrote his experiences in his book. Some of the scenes from the movie adaptations were also shot in Dyea to give authenticity to the film.

6.    Back then, at the peak of the Gold Rush Era, Skagway and Dyea competed for gold. Skagway won because of its efficient harbor and construction of the White Pass and Yukon Route Railroad.

7.    More than 60,000 people died in Dyea and Skagway along its trails during the Gold Rush Era. This includes several hundred people who died because of a single avalanche.

8.    The most photographed building in  Skagway is the AB Hall. The hall is covered with more than 10,000 pieces of driftwood.

9.    President Warren G. Harding is the only US President to visit Skagway. As a tribute, locals named the Harding Glacier after him. You can glimpse the glacier from the town of Skagway.

10.    During the winter season, locals take turns opening only 1 restaurant per week.

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11.    Skagway only houses 4 bars in the area, The Bonanza, The Red Onion Saloon, The Pizza Station and The Skagway Brewing Company.

12.    Skagway also houses the oldest hotel in Alaska, the Golden North Hotel located on 3rd and Broadway. It was very popular during the Gold rush Era and the city restored it in the 1990s. If you are looking for thrills, visit the hotel.... locals say it's haunted.

13.    The city has a peculiar way of celebrating 4th of July. They have a race of rubber duckies in Pullen Pond as a fundraising activity. Hundreds of rubber duckies are released to compete with each other.

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14.    About 2,000 people every year hike the Chilkoot trail which runs 33 miles long and typically takes about 3 to 5 days to finish. Hiker,  Geoff Roes only took 5 hours and 27 minutes to complete the whole trek.  

15.    Another record that Skagway holds is the Guinness World Record for the most number of people tossing eggs at one time. 1,162 people joined the record-breaking activity that stretched from 2nd up to 8th street on Broadway in 2008.

16.    Skagway relies heavily on the tourism industry and the numbers are staggering. Last year, the place hosted about 1 million visitors from  cruise ships alone.

17.    At any given time, Skagway can accommodate up to 5 boats. 2 on the railroad track, 1 on the ore dock, 1 on the Broadway dock and 1 at the ferry dock. The Skagway Harbor is known to have a steep drop off and it can even accommodate another boat in either of the docks.

18.    Usually, Skagway only has a population of 400 residents, but the number swells up to 3000 people during the summer season.

19.    For Starbucks and fast food fanatics, sorry... there are no franchises in the area. But you can order coffee in one of the local shops that ‘Proudly Serves Starbucks’ which is the closest you can get from the authentic one.

20.    Radio Shack is the only chain store in Skagway. Radio Shack both caters to video rentals and a tanning salon. Sorry... no spas yet.

21.    Ironman ready? every year, Skagway hosts a challenging relay race. It starts from Skagway and ends in Whitehorse. The race stretches about 110 miles along the Klondike Highway. The longest leg recorded is 16 miles and the steepest track has an elevation of 1768 feet for at least 5 miles.

22.    Skagway has a tradition of sending off the final cruise ship on the last day of the summer season. Residents will line the dock and wave to the passengers to bid goodbye (until next season).


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